{"id":6687,"date":"2026-07-17T05:52:05","date_gmt":"2026-07-17T05:52:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/?p=6687"},"modified":"2026-07-17T05:52:05","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T05:52:05","slug":"radar-system-design-physics-constraints-and-engineering-trade-offs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/radar-system-design-physics-constraints-and-engineering-trade-offs\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c: \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u044b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#1-the-radar-equation-the-inverse-fourth-power-law-is-unforgiving\">1. The Radar Equation: The Inverse Fourth\u2011Power Law Is Unforgiving<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-pulse-compression-the-physical-limit-of-range-resolution\">2. Pulse Compression: The Physical Limit of Range Resolution<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-mti-mtd-separating-moving-targets-from-stationary-clutter\">3. MTI\/MTD: Separating Moving Targets from Stationary Clutter<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-phased-arrays-and-grating-lobes-physical-constraints-of-array-antennas\">4. Phased Arrays and Grating Lobes: Physical Constraints of Array Antennas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-receiver-sensitivity-and-dynamic-range\">5. Receiver Sensitivity and Dynamic Range<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#6-stard-ls-coverage-across-the-radar-signal-chain\">6. STARDL\u2019s Coverage Across the Radar Signal Chain<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#radar-system-design-engineering-realities-and-trade-offs\">Radar System Design: Engineering Realities and Trade\u2011offs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anyone who has worked on<a href=\"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b8%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%81%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bc%d1%8b\/\"> \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/a>s has heard the dismissive comment: \u201cIsn\u2019t it just transmitting electromagnetic waves, receiving the echoes, and calculating the distance?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That person has almost certainly never built a real radar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transmit, receive, compute \u2013 behind each word lies a stack of physical constraints and engineering compromises. What radar engineers do every day is essentially finding a usable balance among the competing metrics of&nbsp;<strong>power, sensitivity, resolution, anti\u2011jamming capability, size, and cost<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 all of which pull in opposite directions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article takes an engineering\u2011deep dive into several unavoidable technical challenges in radar system design, and how STARDL approaches them from a technology and product perspective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"1-the-radar-equation-the-inverse-fourth-power-law-is-unforgiving\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. The Radar Equation: The Inverse Fourth\u2011Power Law Is Unforgiving<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The radar equation:<br><strong>Pr = Pt \u00d7 Gt \u00d7 Gr \u00d7 \u03c3 \u00d7 \u03bb\u00b2 \/ ( (4\u03c0)\u00b3 \u00d7 R\u2074 )<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For practicing engineers, every term in this equation hides a host of real\u2011world headaches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Transmit power (Pt):<\/strong>\u00a0To increase power, the power amplifier (PA) must be larger. A larger PA means higher power consumption, which creates thermal dissipation problems. If cooling is inadequate, the PA must be derated \u2013 reducing its output. STARDL\u2019s investment in<a href=\"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d0%b8%d0%bd%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%81%d1%85%d0%b5%d0%bc%d1%8b-%d1%80%d1%87\/\"> \u0421\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 GaN<\/a> \u2013 delivering up to 100 W output from 0.5 to 8.0 GHz \u2013 is fundamentally a balancing act between power and heat. GaN offers an order\u2011of\u2011magnitude higher power density than GaAs, but also concentrates heat more intensely, making thermal management significantly more challenging. A 2025 study showed that an X\u2011band GaN PA MMIC in pulsed mode (200\u202f\u00b5s pulse width, 4% duty cycle) achieved over 22\u202fdB small\u2011signal gain and 43.3\u202fdBm (21.38\u202fW) saturated output power \u2013 yet the thermal challenges behind those numbers are far more complex than the specifications suggest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Antenna gain (Gt, Gr):<\/strong>&nbsp;Higher gain requires a larger antenna, which increases size and weight. Phased\u2011array antennas synthesise high gain from hundreds or thousands of elements, but each element needs its own T\/R channel. STARDL\u2019s experience in phased\u2011array T\/R modules addresses the core problem: how to pack more channels into a confined space while keeping each channel stable and consistent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Radar cross\u2011section (\u03c3):<\/strong>&nbsp;You cannot control the target\u2019s RCS. A fighter jet may have several square metres of RCS, while a DJI drone is only 0.01 to 0.02\u202fm\u00b2 \u2013 nearly two orders of magnitude smaller. The same radar that easily detects fighters may see nothing at all when looking for small drones. Detecting low\u2011slow\u2011small (LSS) targets remains one of the most difficult challenges in counter\u2011UAV radar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Range (R):<\/strong>&nbsp;The equation includes R\u2074 in the denominator. Doubling the range reduces the received power by a factor of 16. To increase detection range from 10\u202fkm to 20\u202fkm, you would need to multiply transmit power by 16 \u2013 or antenna gain by 16, or some combination of both. Either way, costs grow exponentially.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>This is the first hard truth of radar engineering: you are always fighting the fourth\u2011power law.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"2-pulse-compression-the-physical-limit-of-range-resolution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Pulse Compression: The Physical Limit of Range Resolution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Radar ranging is conceptually simple: transmit a pulse, wait for its reflection, measure the time delay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But there is a fundamental conflict:&nbsp;<strong>shorter pulses give better range resolution, but shorter pulses also mean lower average power \u2013 and therefore shorter detection range.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Range resolution \u0394R = c \u00d7 \u03c4 \/ 2, where \u03c4 is the pulse width. To resolve two targets 1\u202fm apart, the pulse width must be no longer than 6.7\u202fns \u2013 but such a short pulse carries so little energy that it cannot travel far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The engineering solution is&nbsp;<strong>\u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0430<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transmit a wide pulse, but modulate its frequency \u2013 typically&nbsp;<strong>linear frequency modulation (LFM)<\/strong>&nbsp;. On reception, a matched filter compresses the wide pulse into a narrow one. The compression ratio equals the product of pulse width and bandwidth \u2013 a 100\u202f\u00b5s pulse with 10\u202fMHz bandwidth gives a compression ratio of 1000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>But pulse compression comes with its own costs:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>First, sidelobes.<\/strong>&nbsp;The matched\u2011filter output has a main lobe flanked by sidelobes. A strong target\u2019s sidelobes may mask a weaker nearby target. The standard countermeasure is&nbsp;<strong>weighting (windowing)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 common choices include Hamming and Blackman windows. A 2026 study demonstrated that a composite window optimised via genetic algorithm can reduce peak sidelobes by 9.5\u202fdB compared to standard matched filtering \u2013 at the cost of 1\u20133\u202fdB SNR loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Second, strict linearity requirements on the RF front\u2011end.<\/strong>\u00a0Nonlinear distortion generates unwanted frequency components that corrupt the modulation purity. STARDL\u2019s high\u2011linearity <a href=\"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d0%b8%d0%bd%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%81%d1%85%d0%b5%d0%bc%d1%8b-%d1%80%d1%87\/\">RF chip<\/a> designs are largely driven by the need to provide a \u201cclean\u201d transmit chain for pulse\u2011compression radars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Third, Doppler tolerance.<\/strong>&nbsp;Pulse\u2011compressed signals are sensitive to Doppler shifts caused by target motion. Excessive Doppler detunes the matched filter, degrading compression performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"3-mti-mtd-separating-moving-targets-from-stationary-clutter\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. MTI\/MTD: Separating Moving Targets from Stationary Clutter<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In radar returns, the vast majority of received energy is clutter \u2013 ground, buildings, hills, trees, and sea surface. These stationary or slowly moving objects are not what you want to see; you want moving targets \u2013 aircraft, missiles, drones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Separating moving from stationary is one of the core problems in radar signal processing.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most basic approach is&nbsp;<strong>Moving Target Indication (MTI):<\/strong>&nbsp;transmit two pulses, receive two echoes, and subtract them. Stationary targets produce identical echoes that cancel out; moving targets produce echoes with a phase difference, leaving a residual signal after subtraction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Limitations of MTI:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>First, blind speeds.<\/strong>&nbsp;If the target\u2019s radial velocity produces a phase difference that is an integer multiple of 360\u00b0 between pulses, the target appears stationary to the two\u2011pulse canceller \u2013 and MTI filters it out as clutter. The blind speed is given by v = PRF \u00d7 \u03bb \/ 2. The standard solution is&nbsp;<strong>\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 PRF<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 using multiple different pulse repetition frequencies alternately to push blind speeds to higher velocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Second, limited improvement factor.<\/strong>&nbsp;The radar itself must be extremely stable. Phase jitter in the transmit pulse or local\u2011oscillator drift causes stationary clutter echoes not to cancel perfectly, leaving residual \u201cfalse moving\u201d signals. STARDL\u2019s low\u2011phase\u2011noise frequency sources and LO chains directly contribute to a higher MTI improvement factor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Third, clutter spectral width.<\/strong>&nbsp;Ground clutter is not truly stationary \u2013 wind\u2011blown vegetation and moving sea waves create slight Doppler shifts. A wider clutter spectrum requires a wider notch in the MTI filter around zero frequency, which increases the risk of filtering out slow\u2011moving targets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Moving Target Detection (MTD)<\/strong>&nbsp;is the upgraded version of MTI \u2013 it uses multiple pulses and Doppler filtering to separate targets into different velocity channels. STARDL\u2019s signal\u2011processing capabilities directly affect how many Doppler channels can be processed and how effectively clutter can be suppressed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"4-phased-arrays-and-grating-lobes-physical-constraints-of-array-antennas\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Phased Arrays and Grating Lobes: Physical Constraints of Array Antennas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phased\u2011array radars steer the beam electronically by adjusting the phase of each radiating element.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Advantages of electronic scanning:<\/strong>&nbsp;no moving parts \u2013 higher reliability; beam pointing can be switched in microseconds \u2013 enabling simultaneous search and track (TWS); multiple beams can cover different directions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>But electronic scanning has its own physical constraint \u2013 grating lobes.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the element spacing exceeds half a wavelength, additional beams appear at other angles besides the main lobe \u2013 these are&nbsp;<strong>grating lobes<\/strong>. Grating lobes transmit and receive energy just like the main lobe, causing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Transmitted energy being wasted in unwanted directions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On reception, signals from grating\u2011lobe directions being processed as if they came from the main\u2011lobe direction \u2013 creating angle ambiguity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The physical root of grating lobes is spatial aliasing<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 exactly analogous to spectral aliasing in digital signal processing. When element spacing d &gt; \u03bb\/2, the phase shift exceeds 2\u03c0, creating extra solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Engineering countermeasures:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>First, keep element spacing strictly \u2264 \u03bb\/2.<\/strong>&nbsp;This is the most direct approach, but it means the number of elements grows sharply with frequency \u2013 driving up cost, power consumption, and volume.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Second, non\u2011uniform element layout.<\/strong>&nbsp;Unequally spaced arrays can suppress grating lobes, but at the expense of higher sidelobe levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Third, sub\u2011array technology.<\/strong>&nbsp;Grouping elements into sub\u2011arrays, with phase control at the sub\u2011array level \u2013 reduces the number of T\/R channels but may reintroduce grating\u2011lobe issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">STARDL\u2019s expertise in AESA radar largely revolves around managing the complex trade\u2011offs between element spacing, channel count, cost, and performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"5-receiver-sensitivity-and-dynamic-range\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Receiver Sensitivity and Dynamic Range<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The receiver\u2019s job is to&nbsp;<strong>extract weak echo signals from noise<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sensitivity<\/strong>&nbsp;is determined by noise figure. The lower the noise figure, the weaker the signals that can be detected. STARDL\u2019s low\u2011noise amplifiers achieve noise figures as low as 0.35\u202fdB, which is competitive in this class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But sensitivity is not the whole story \u2013&nbsp;<strong>dynamic range<\/strong>&nbsp;is equally critical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dynamic range is the ratio between the largest and smallest signals the receiver can handle without distortion. A strong close\u2011range target may produce returns tens of dB larger than a distant weak target. If the dynamic range is insufficient, the strong signal saturates the receiver, and the weak signal is lost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Engineering approaches:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sensitivity Time Control (STC)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 reducing gain at short range and increasing it at long range.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Logarithmic amplifiers<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 compressing the dynamic range so both large and small signals map to a manageable output range.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Digital gain control<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 dynamically adjusting gain using digital processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All these techniques essentially&nbsp;<strong>trade off sensitivity against dynamic range<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"6-stard-ls-coverage-across-the-radar-signal-chain\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. STARDL\u2019s Coverage Across the Radar Signal Chain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the above analysis, the performance bottlenecks of radar systems concentrate in a few key nodes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Transmit chain<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 requires high\u2011power, high\u2011efficiency amplifiers. STARDL\u2019s GaN power devices cover 0.5 to 8.0\u202fGHz with output up to 100\u202fW, optimised specifically for radar pulsed modes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Receive chain<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 requires low\u2011noise, high\u2011sensitivity front\u2011ends. STARDL\u2019s LNAs deliver competitive noise figures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Signal chain<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 requires high linearity and low phase noise. STARDL\u2019s RF and microwave ICs cover DC to 50\u202fGHz, from mixers to multipliers to phase shifters, forming a complete signal\u2011chain solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Antenna and array<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 requires managing element spacing, grating\u2011lobe suppression, and T\/R channel consistency. STARDL\u2019s work on AESA and DBF radar architectures spans array design through to signal processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>System integration<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 requires packing hundreds or thousands of channels into limited space. STARDL\u2019s annual production capacity exceeding 1000 radar units indicates mature engineering processes for high\u2011density integration and volume manufacturing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From chips to sub\u2011assemblies to complete systems, STARDL has a presence at every level of the radar chain. For engineers designing radar front\u2011ends, sourcing a complete solution \u2013 from components to modules \u2013 from a single supplier eliminates not just procurement hassles, but also the hidden costs of interface mismatches and inconsistent specifications across multiple vendors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"radar-system-design-engineering-realities-and-trade-offs\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Radar System Design: Engineering Realities and Trade\u2011offs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is no silver bullet in radar system design. Power, sensitivity, resolution, anti\u2011jamming, size, cost \u2013 these metrics are perpetually at odds. The engineer\u2019s job is to push the physical limits as far as possible at each stage, while making the best possible compromises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">STARDL\u2019s coverage of the radar chain \u2013 from GaN power devices to low\u2011noise amplifiers, from RF chips to T\/R modules \u2013 spans the entire path from transmit to receive, from device to system. For engineers actively developing radar systems, this means less time spent on component selection and interface adaptation, and more time focused on the core problems that truly determine system performance.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anyone who has worked on radar systems has heard the dismissive comment: \u201cIsn\u2019t it just transmitting electromagnetic waves, receiving the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6688,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[462,460,461,463,435],"class_list":["post-6687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technical-documentation","tag-gan-power-amplifiers","tag-phased-array-radar-2","tag-pulse-compression","tag-radar-receiver","tag-radar-systems"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6687","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6687"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6687\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6689,"href":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6687\/revisions\/6689"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}