{"id":6777,"date":"2026-09-04T07:48:31","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T07:48:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/?p=6777"},"modified":"2026-09-04T07:48:31","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T07:48:31","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b7-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ar\/active-radar-vs-passive-radar-core-differences-and-engineering-selection-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#1-active-radar-self-illuminated-precise-and-controllable\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637: \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#1-1-working-principle\">1.1 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#1-2-core-advantages\">1.2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#1-3-key-limitations\">1.3 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-passive-radar-borrowing-light-for-covert-detection\">2. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#2-1-working-principle\">2.1 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-2-core-advantages\">2.2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-3-key-limitations\">2.3 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-core-differences-comparison\">3. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-engineering-selection-decision-framework\">4. \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-stard-ls-coverage-across-both-active-and-passive-radar-technology-chains\">5. \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 STARDL \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#the-engineering-reality\">\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u2014 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u201c\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0647\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u201c\u0636\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u201d \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u201c\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u201d \u2014 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0649. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u201d \u2014 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"1-active-radar-self-illuminated-precise-and-controllable\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:24px\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637: \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ar\/%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1\/\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 <\/a><\/strong>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"1-1-working-principle\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">1.1 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u201d. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"1-2-core-advantages\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">1.2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ar\/%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1\/\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/a> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u2014 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"1-3-key-limitations\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">1.3 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (RCS) \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"2-passive-radar-borrowing-light-for-covert-detection\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:24px\">2. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (DVB-T)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (DAB)\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648 FM\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 (GSM\/LTE)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u201d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"2-1-working-principle\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">2.1 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<strong>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 (CAF)<\/strong>&nbsp;. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 DVB-T \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 (6\u20138 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632) \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0645\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 (\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"3-core-differences-comparison\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:24px\">3. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0637<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/td><td>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644<\/td><td>\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 (\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a<\/td><td>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a\/\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0631<\/td><td>\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 + \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"4-engineering-selection-decision-framework\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:24px\">4. \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0627&nbsp;<strong>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong>. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a (\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0643)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"5-stard-ls-coverage-across-both-active-and-passive-radar-technology-chains\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:24px\">5. \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 STARDL \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (RF) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 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0.5\u20138.0 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 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\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a (RF) \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 (T\/R) \u2014 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a (RF) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Active radar detects targets by transmitting its own electromagnetic waves and receiving the echoes reflected back from targets, while passive [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6778,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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