{"id":6675,"date":"2026-06-26T06:29:32","date_gmt":"2026-06-26T06:29:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/?p=6675"},"modified":"2026-06-26T06:32:19","modified_gmt":"2026-06-26T06:32:19","slug":"%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%af%d9%85%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ar\/hybrid-integrated-circuits-fitting-the-radar-front-end-into-a-palm-sized-package\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629: \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#1-clarifying-the-concept-what-exactly-is-a-hybrid-integrated-circuit\">1. \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u061f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-why-hybrid-integrated-circuits-are-becoming-more-important-now\">2. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#first-the-proliferation-of-phased-arrays\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#second-the-multi-band-requirements-of-counter-uav-systems\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#third-continuous-pressure-on-size-weight-and-power-s-wa-p\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (SWaP).<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-stard-ls-technical-footprint-in-hybrid-integrated-circuits\">3. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 STARDL \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#4-three-design-challenges-that-are-almost-impossible-to-avoid-in-engineering\">4. \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#5-a-few-evaluation-dimensions-for-system-engineers\">5. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#why-this-matters-for-system-design\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (RF) \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f:&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-rf\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u2014 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0640&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 STARDL \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"1-clarifying-the-concept-what-exactly-is-a-hybrid-integrated-circuit\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:24px\">1. \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0645\u0639&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 (MMICs)<\/strong>. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648&nbsp;<strong>MMIC<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a (RF) \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062c\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (\u0645\u062b\u0644&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062a GaN \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 Q \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 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class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:24px\">2. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"first-the-proliferation-of-phased-arrays\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<strong>\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 (T\/R)<\/strong>, \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 STARDL \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<strong>\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0646&nbsp;<strong>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a T\/R<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a&nbsp;<strong>\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a AESA<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"second-the-multi-band-requirements-of-counter-uav-systems\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/stardl.com\/ar\/%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1\/\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u2014 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 X \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 Ku\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 6 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0627.&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong>: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"third-continuous-pressure-on-size-weight-and-power-s-wa-p\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (SWaP).<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c,&nbsp;<strong>SWaP<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0641\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (RF) \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong>, \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"3-stard-ls-technical-footprint-in-hybrid-integrated-circuits\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:24px\">3. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 STARDL \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 STARDL \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<strong>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 STARDL \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (RF) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC) \u0625\u0644\u0649 50 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062c\u064a\u062c<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0623<\/strong>, \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 STARDL \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 STARDL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 STARDL \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<strong>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645 (GaN)<\/strong>. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a GaN \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0630\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 GaN \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"4-three-design-challenges-that-are-almost-impossible-to-avoid-in-engineering\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:24px\">4. \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 STARDL \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (EMC).<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (RF) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 STARDL \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ms-telerf.com\/product-category\/rf-passive-components\/rf-isolator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u2013 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 STARDL \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 70 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"5-a-few-evaluation-dimensions-for-system-engineers\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:24px\">5. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a STARDL \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a STARDL \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 STARDL \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"why-this-matters-for-system-design\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:24px\"><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u201d. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 STARDL \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<strong>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<strong>GaAs<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>GaN<\/strong>, \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645&nbsp;<strong>\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong>, \u060c \u0623\u0648&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>, \u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Engineers working on radar systems or satellite communication equipment have all faced the same dilemma: more 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